The first large population based twin study of coeliac disease. Greco L., Romino R., Coto I., Di Cosmo N., Percopo S., Maglio M., Paparo F., Gasperi V., Limongelli M.G., Cotichini R., et al. The prevalence of celiac disease in average-risk and at-risk Western European populations: A systematic review. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2012.15.ĭubé C., Rostom A., Sy R., Cranney A., Saloojee N., Garritty C., Sampson M., Zhang L., Yazdi F., Mamaladze V., et al. Identifying new and possibly modifiable risk factors may be of crucial importance for patients, clinicians, and researchers.Ĭeliac disease cortical excitability gut-brain axis motor evoked potentials neuroplasticity.ĭi Sabatino A., Corazza G.R. Brain fog is what doctors refer to as 'cognitive dysfunction'. People feel as if they have no energy to execute their daily chores. Brain fog is not a medical diagnosis, but rather the description patients tend to use for their symptoms. Therefore, given its potential neuroprotective effect, the gluten-free diet should be introduced as early as possible, although the overall response of neurological symptoms (and cognition in particular) is still controversial. 1 Chronic tiredness It is one of the most common physical symptoms of brain fog. Notably, a clear hyperexcitability is a stably reported feature of both degenerative and vascular dementia. The studies here reviewed seem to converge on an impaired central motor conductivity and a "hyperexcitable celiac brain" to TMS, which partially reverts back after a long-term gluten restriction. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can contribute to the assessment and monitoring of celiac patients, even in those without a clear neurological involvement. Among the well-known neurological manifestations, adult celiac patients often complain cognitive symptoms, ranging from the so-called "brain fog" till an overt dementia. In response to gluten exposure, a significant part of the general population produces antibodies that have been hypothesized to be deleterious to the brain. Celiac disease is a systemic disorder with multifactorial pathogenesis and multifaceted symptomatology.
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